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Why should each country have its own exclusive currency? Eric Helleiner offers a fascinating and unique perspective on this question in his accessible history of the origins of national money. Our contemporary understandings of national currency are, Helleiner shows, surprisingly recent. Based on standardized technologies of production and extraction, territorially exclusive national currencies emerged for the first time only during the nineteenth century. This major change involved a narrow definition of legal tender and the exclusion of tokens of value issued outside the national territory. "Territorial currencies" rapidly became bound up with the rise of national markets, and money reflected basic questions of national identity and self-presentation: In what way should money be managed to serve national goals? Whose pictures should go on the banknotes? Helleiner draws out the potent implications of this largely unknown history for today's context. Territorial currencies face challenges from many monetary innovations-the creation of the euro, dollarization, the spread of local currencies, and the prospect of privately issued electronic currencies. While these challenges are dramatic, the author argues that their significance should not be overstated. Even in their short historical life, territorial currencies have never been as dominant as conventional wisdom suggests. The future of this kind of currency, Helleiner contends, depends on political struggles across the globe, struggles that echo those at the birth of national money.
Currency question. --- Money --- Money. --- Currency --- Monetary question --- Money, Primitive --- Specie --- Standard of value --- Exchange --- Finance --- Value --- Banks and banking --- Coinage --- Currency question --- Gold --- Silver --- Silver question --- Wealth --- Fiat money --- Free coinage --- Scrip --- Currency crises --- Finance, Public --- Legal tender --- Political aspects.
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This is the first book to furnish a root cause of the low valuation of Japanese listed companies by using, as qualitative evidence, unique global investor surveys, which are rarely available for Japanese companies. Also contained in this book as quantitative evidence is empirical research with regression analysis implying a positive correlation between corporate governance and value creation in Japan. The author explains the rationale underlying the suggestion of the Ito Review on return on equity (ROE) 8% guidance, an almost 50% discounted valuation of the cash held by Japanese companies, corporate value and ROE, equity spread as a key performance indicator for value creation, an optimal dividend policy based on optimal capital structure, risk-adjusted hurdle rates for value-creative investment criteria, and the synchronization of environmental, social, and governance with equity spread. Illustrated with relevant statistics, evidence of shareholders’ voices, case studies, and empirical research, the book is highly recommended for readers who seek qualitative and quantitative evidence of Japan’s problems and potential prescriptions in connection with value creation. “This book empirically proves the relationship between non-financial capitals defined by IIRC and corporate value, and provides a convincing method to unlock corporate value in Japan via Abenomics corporate governance reforms. A must read!” Richard S. Howitt, Chief Executive Officer, International Integrated Reporting Council (IIRC) “This book addresses emerging issues such as the "Power of Intangibles" in addition to IMA-defined "Equity Spread" as a gauge for value creation from the viewpoint of management accounting. It is highly recommended for finance and accounting professionals.” Jeffrey C. Thomson, CMA, CAE. President and CEO, Institute of Management Accountants (IMA).
Corporate governance. --- Business enterprises-Finance. --- Corporations-Finance. --- Investment banking. --- Securities. --- Corporate Governance. --- Business Finance. --- Corporate Finance. --- Investments and Securities. --- Governance, Corporate --- Industrial management --- Directors of corporations --- Blue sky laws --- Capitalization (Finance) --- Investment securities --- Portfolio --- Scrip --- Securities --- Securities law --- Underwriting --- Investments --- Investment banking --- Banks and banking, Investment --- Investment banks --- Financial institutions --- Law and legislation --- Business enterprises—Finance. --- Corporations—Finance.
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This book provides a preliminary attempt to understand the impact investors’ preferences and characteristics. It offers an empirical insight of the main features characterizing social risk of Social Impact Bonds (SIBs) and explores the correlation existing between social risk and financial return. It assesses case studies of social impact investment architectures and their legal and operational limits. It also analyzes new trends in social impact measurement, focusing on the Spanish and Swedish experiences. The book concludes with a road map of priorities and policy strategy for social impact investments development.
Finance. --- Investment banking. --- Securities. --- Investments and Securities. --- Blue sky laws --- Capitalization (Finance) --- Investment securities --- Portfolio --- Scrip --- Securities --- Securities law --- Underwriting --- Investments --- Investment banking --- Banks and banking, Investment --- Investment banks --- Financial institutions --- Funding --- Funds --- Economics --- Currency question --- Law and legislation --- Moral and ethical aspects. --- Corporate social investment --- Ethical investments --- Investments, Ethical --- Investments, Socially responsible --- Social investing --- Socially responsible investments
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This Palgrave Pivot aims to examine the bourgeoning relationship between the Principles for Responsible Investment and the Credit Rating Industry. Since May of 2016, when the partnership was initially publicised, the PRI have endeavoured to incorporate Credit Rating Agencies into its initiative via its ‘ESG in Credit Ratings Initiative’, and have been working diligently to find, and create common ground between Credit Rating Agencies and Institutional Investors seeking to be more forward-looking in their investment approaches. However, in recent years the ‘Big Two’ Credit Rating Agencies – Standard & Poor’s and Moody’s – have finally received record fines for their conduct in the run-up to the Financial Crisis. There is a need, then, to examine the incorporation of the Credit Rating Agencies into such a progressive initiative. To achieve this objective, this book examines the field of ‘responsible investing’, the credit rating industry, and the power dynamic that exists between the rating industry, investors, and the PRI (via its ‘Initiative’). .
Credit ratings. --- Credit scoring systems. --- Finance departments. --- Finance --- Funding --- Funds --- Economics --- Currency question --- Management --- Credit analysis --- Commercial ratings --- Credit checks --- Credit guides --- Credit investigations --- Credit reports --- Ratings, Credit --- Management. --- Investment banking. --- Securities. --- Investments and Securities. --- Blue sky laws --- Capitalization (Finance) --- Investment securities --- Portfolio --- Scrip --- Securities --- Securities law --- Underwriting --- Investments --- Investment banking --- Banks and banking, Investment --- Investment banks --- Financial institutions --- Law and legislation
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Indices, index funds and ETFs are grossly inaccurate and inefficient and affect more than €120 trillion worth of securities, debts and commodities worldwide. This book analyzes the mathematical/statistical biases, misrepresentations, recursiveness, nonlinear risk and homomorphisms inherent in equity, debt, risk-adjusted, options-based, CDS and commodity indices – and by extension, associated index funds and ETFs. The book characterizes the “Popular-Index Ecosystems,” a phenomenon that provides artificial price-support for financial instruments, and can cause systemic risk, financial instability, earnings management and inflation. The book explains why indices and strategic alliances invalidate Third-Generation Prospect Theory (PT3), related approaches and most theories of Intertemporal Asset Pricing. This book introduces three new decision models, and some new types of indices that are more efficient than existing stock/bond indices. The book explains why the Mean-Variance framework, the Put-Call Parity theorem, ICAPM/CAPM, the Sharpe Ratio, Treynor Ratio, Jensen’s Alpha, the Information Ratio, and DEA-Based Performance Measures are wrong. Leveraged/inverse ETFs and synthetic ETFs are misleading and inaccurate and non-legislative methods that reduce index arbitrage and ETF arbitrage are introduced. .
Exchange traded funds. --- Index mutual funds. --- Index funds --- Mutual funds --- ETFs (Stock funds) --- Stock funds --- Investment banking. --- Securities. --- Investments and Securities. --- Blue sky laws --- Capitalization (Finance) --- Investment securities --- Portfolio --- Scrip --- Securities --- Securities law --- Underwriting --- Investments --- Investment banking --- Banks and banking, Investment --- Investment banks --- Financial institutions --- Law and legislation
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This book focuses on «Convertibilidad», the latest Argentine experience of exchange rate based stabilisation, and aims at isolating the main causes for its tragic collapse in 2001-2002. The characteristics of Argentina’s high and hyperinflation during the 1980s are analysed, and the theory of currency boards is expounded. The stabilisation tool, an institutionally highly credible currency board arrangement (CBA), though highly effective, could not be an optimal long-term solution, given the country’s structural and trade characteristics. The analysis of the causes of the CBA’s collapse yields a complex picture of interacting factors, among them invaliding ones that had created multiple vulnerabilities over years, and triggering ones that unfolded their worst potential in meeting such vulnerable conditions.
Currency boards --- -Monetary policy --- -Currency question --- -332.410982 --- Fiat money --- Free coinage --- Monetary question --- Scrip --- Currency crises --- Finance --- Finance, Public --- Legal tender --- Money --- Monetary management --- Economic policy --- Money supply --- Financial institutions --- Monetary policy --- Argentina --- Argentina. --- Argentine Currency Board --- Argentine Republic. --- Monetary economics --- Development economics & emerging economies --- Environmental economics --- Political economy --- Currency question --- Argentinien --- Board --- Bust --- Case --- Currency --- Currency Board --- Fixed Exchange Rates --- Geschichte 1980-2002 --- Hyperinflation --- IMF --- Inflation --- IWF --- Konvertierbarkeit --- Maute --- Währung --- Washington Consensus --- Wechselkurs
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Verena Anna Berger investigates the question to what extent credit default swap spreads are impacted by an increase of government bond yields within the European area. In the first step, these spreads are computed with the help of the Hull-White model to demonstrate the theoretical calculation. The main findings which are calculated by using the Fontana-Scheicher model show that a negative impact on credit default swap spreads is observed based on the analysed data. However, there is high variation between the analysed countries so that a country-specific evaluation instead of a general review is recommended by the author. Contents • Theoretical underpinnings • Modelling credit default swap prices • Simulation of government bond spread increase Target Groups • Lecturers and students of finance, asset management • Experts in asset management, sovereign bond markets and credit default swaps The Author Verena Anna Berger graduated from the University of Applied Science Vienna with a Master of Arts in Quantitative Asset and Risk Management. As a risk manager, she is currently employed by an investment company.
Finance. --- Investment banking. --- Securities. --- International Finance. --- Investments and Securities. --- Government securities. --- Credit derivatives. --- Fixed-income securities. --- Fixed-income investments --- Fixed-income securities --- Investments, Fixed-income --- Securities, Fixed-income --- Securities --- Derivative securities --- Government agency securities --- Government bonds --- Public securities --- Treasuries (Securities) --- Treasury bonds --- Bonds --- Debts, Public --- Law and legislation --- International finance. --- Blue sky laws --- Capitalization (Finance) --- Investment securities --- Portfolio --- Scrip --- Securities law --- Underwriting --- Investments --- Investment banking --- Banks and banking, Investment --- Investment banks --- Financial institutions --- International monetary system --- International money --- Finance --- International economic relations
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Fabian Regele examines the appropriateness of the current regulatory treatment and the general suitability of unlisted infrastructure equity investments for the investment purposes of insurance companies. The employed valuation model of a stylized infrastructure asset delivers sound economic results and is consistent with the typical J-curve effect of the cumulative cash flows of these assets. In the context of a portfolio optimization, the infrastructure asset improves the insurance company’s solvency situation by lowering its default probability and increasing its solvency ratio. In regard to the asset’s risk contribution, there is a time-variant occurrence of certain risk channels during its lifecycle that leads to substantial differences in the risk exposure of the insurance company. Contents • Overview of the Infrastructure Asset Class • Valuation Model of a Direct Infrastructure Asset • Optimal Capital Allocation and Solvency Capital Requirements for the Insurance Company • Adjustment of the Infrastructure Asset’s Regulatory Capital Charge Target Groups • Students and academics with a focus on insurance regulation, business administration, asset management • Insurance regulators and supervisors, portfolio/risk managers The Author Fabian Regele is a research assistant and doctoral student at the International Center for Insurance Regulation of the Goethe University Frankfurt. His research primarily focuses on insurance regulation and systemic risk of financial institutions.
Finance. --- Investment banking. --- Securities. --- Insurance. --- Risk management. --- Investments and Securities. --- Risk Management. --- Finance --- Financial services industry --- Insurance --- Management --- Blue sky laws --- Capitalization (Finance) --- Investment securities --- Portfolio --- Scrip --- Securities --- Securities law --- Underwriting --- Investments --- Investment banking --- Banks and banking, Investment --- Investment banks --- Financial institutions --- Assurance (Insurance) --- Coverage, Insurance --- Indemnity insurance --- Insurance coverage --- Insurance industry --- Insurance protection --- Mutual insurance --- Law and legislation --- Financial services industry. --- Financial risk management. --- Financial Services. --- Risk management --- Services, Financial --- Service industries
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This book analyzes the legal system for the protection of retail investors under the European Union law of investment services. It identifies the regulatory leitmotiv driving the EU lawmaker and ascertains whether and to what extent such a system is self-sufficient, using a set of EU-made and EU-enforced rules that is essentially different and autonomous from the domestic legal orders. In this regard, the book takes a double perspective: comparative and intra-firm. Given the federal dimension of the US legal system and, thus, the “role-model” it plays vis-à-vis the EU, the book compares the two systems. To fully highlight the existing gaps and measure how self-sufficient the EU system is against its American counterpart, the Union/Federal level as such is analyzed – i.e., detached from the national (in EU terms) and State (in US terms) level. Regulating Investor Protection under EU Law also showcases the unique intra-firm perspective from a European investment firm and analyzes how EU-produced public-law rules become a set of compliance requirements for investment services providers. This “within-the-firm” angle gauges the self-sufficiency of the EU system of retail investor protection from the standpoint of an EU-regulated entity. The book is intended for both compliance professionals and academic scholars interested in this topic while also including illustrative sections intended to provide a broader regulatory view for less-experienced readers.
Investments --- Financial services industry --- Law and legislation --- Europe --- Foreign relations --- Finance. --- Investment banking. --- Securities. --- Public finance. --- Investments and Securities. --- Financial Law/Fiscal Law. --- Services, Financial --- Service industries --- Investing --- Investment management --- Portfolio --- Finance --- Disinvestment --- Loans --- Saving and investment --- Speculation --- Cameralistics --- Public finance --- Currency question --- Blue sky laws --- Capitalization (Finance) --- Investment securities --- Scrip --- Securities --- Securities law --- Underwriting --- Investment banking --- Banks and banking, Investment --- Investment banks --- Financial institutions --- Public finances
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The book highlights the rise of Bitcoin, which is based on blockchain technology, and some of the many types of coins and tokens that emerged thereafter. Although Bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies have made national and international news with their dramatic rise and decline in value, nevertheless the underlying technology is being adopted by both industry and governments, which have noted the benefits of speed, cost efficiency, and protection from hacking. Based on numerous downloaded articles, laws, cases, and other materials, the book discusses the digital transformation, the types of cryptocurrencies, key actors, and the benefits and risks. It also addresses legal issues of digital technology and the evolving U.S. federal regulation. The varying treatment by individual U.S. states is reviewed together with attempts by organizations to arrive at a uniform regulatory regime. Both civil and criminal prosecutions are highlighted with an examination of the major cases that have arisen. Whether and how to tax cryptocurrency transactions both in the U.S. and internationally are analyzed, and ends with a speculative narrative of future developments. .
Electronic funds transfers --- Law and legislation. --- Finance. --- Banks and banking. --- Investment banking. --- Securities. --- Banking. --- Investments and Securities. --- Cryptocurrencies --- Blockchains (Databases) --- Block chains (Databases) --- Database security --- Distributed databases --- Crypto coins --- Cryptocoins --- Digital currency --- Banking law --- Blue sky laws --- Capitalization (Finance) --- Investment securities --- Portfolio --- Scrip --- Securities --- Securities law --- Underwriting --- Investments --- Investment banking --- Banks and banking, Investment --- Investment banks --- Financial institutions --- Agricultural banks --- Banking --- Banking industry --- Commercial banks --- Depository institutions --- Finance --- Money --- Law and legislation
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